Browsing by Author "Naidoo, P."

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    The association between biopsychosocial factors and disability in a national health survey in South Africa
    (Taylor & Francis, 2017) Naidoo, P.; Sewpaul, Ronel; Nyembezi, Anam; Reddy, Priscilla; Louw, K.; Desai, R.; Stein, Dan J.
    The association between psychosocial factors and disability is less clear. This study investigated the biological and psychosocial (employment and psychological distress) factors associated with level of disability in an adult sample in South Africa. Data were analysed from a cross-sectional survey among adults aged 18–64 (n = 4974). Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the associations of the selected variables with disability. The mean percentage score on the WHODAS scale of disability was 5.31% (95% CI: 4.74–5.88). Age (p < 0.001) and race (p = 0.0002) were significantly associated with disability, and history of stroke (β = 7.19, 95% CI: 3.19–11.20) and heart-related conditions (β = 2.08, 95% CI: [0.23–3.93) showed positive associations. Of the psychosocial variables, psychological distress (β = 10.49 [8.63–12.35]) showed a strong positive association while employment (−1.62 [−2.36 to −0.88]) showed a negative association with disability. The association between demographic factors, medical conditions and increased disability confirms the findings in the literature. The finding that psychological distress is associated with increased disability has not been frequently reported. This study highlights specific psychosocial targets that may be usefully addressed by health policies and interventions in order to improve disability management.
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    Establishing a health promotion and development foundation in South Africa
    (Health & Medical Publishing Group, 2013) Perez, A.M.; Ayo-Yusuf, O.A.; Hofman, K.; Kalideen, S.; Maker, A.; Mokonoto, D.; Morojele, N.; Naidoo, P.; Parry, C.; Rendall-Mkosi, K.; Saloojee, Y.
    South Africa has a 'quadruple burden of disease'. One way to reduce this burden, and address the social determinants of health and social inequity, could be through health promotion interventions driven by an independent Health Promotion and Development Foundation (HPDF). This could provide a framework to integrate health promotion and social development into all government and civil society programmes. On priority issues, the HPDF would mobilise resources, allocate funding, develop capacity, and monitor and evaluate health promotion and development work. Emphasis would be on reducing the effects of poverty, inequity and unequal development on disease rates and wellbeing. The HPDF could also decrease the burden on the proposed National Health Insurance (NHI) system. We reflect on such foundations in other countries, and propose a structure for South Africa's HPDF and a dedicated funding stream to support its activities. In particular, an additional 2% levy on alcohol and tobacco products is proposed to be utilised to fund the HPDF.
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    Stroke in Africa: Profile, progress, prospects and priorities
    (Spring Nature Limited, 2021) Akinyemi, R.O.; Ovbiagele, B.; Adeniji, O.A.; Sarfo, F.S.; Ogah O.S.a, k,Naidoo P.l,Damasceno A.m,Walker R.W.a, n, o,Ogunniyi A.a, c,Kalaria R.N.a, d; Adoukonou, T.; Ogah, O.S.; Naidoo, P.; Damasceno, A.; Walker, R.W.; Ogunniyi, A.; Kalaria, R.N.; Abd-Allah, Foad
    Stroke is a leading cause of disability, dementia, and death worldwide. Approximately 70% of deaths from stroke and 87% of stroke-related disabilities occur in low-income and middle-income countries. At the turn of the century, the most common diseases in Africa were communicable diseases, whereas non-communicable diseases, including stroke, were considered rare, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. However, evidence indicates that today, Africa could have up to 2–3-fold greater rates of stroke incidence and higher stroke prevalence than western Europe and the USA. In Africa, data published within the past decade show that stroke has an annual incidence rate of up to 316 per 100,000, a prevalence of up to 1,460 per 100,000, and a 3-year fatality rate greater than 80%. Moreover, many Africans have a stroke within the fourth to sixth decades of life, with serious implications for the individual, their family, and society. This age profile is particularly important as strokes in younger people tend to result in a greater loss of self-worth and socioeconomic productivity than in older individuals. Emerging insights from research into stroke epidemiology, genetics, prevention, care, and outcomes offer great prospects for tackling the growing burden of stroke on the continent. In this article, we review the unique profile of stroke in Africa and summarize current knowledge on stroke epidemiology, genetics, prevention, acute care, rehabilitation, outcomes, cost of care, and awareness. We also discuss knowledge gaps, emerging priorities, and future directions of stroke medicine for the more than 1 billion people who live in Africa. © 2021, Springer Nature Limited.