Browsing by Author "Mthimkulu, Mongezi Sean Lucas"

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    Mixed lead halide perovskite thin films (X = I, Br) by low pressure chemical vapour deposition
    (University of the Western Cape, 2024) Mthimkulu, Mongezi Sean Lucas; Ngqoloda, Siphelo
    Three-dimensional (3D) metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have been classified as an emerging semiconductor material since the first report of methyl-ammonium lead tri-bromide (CH3NH3PbBr3) and methyl-ammonium lead tri-iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) were introduced as photosensitisers in dye-sensitised solar cells as reported in 2009 achieving a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.1% and 3.8%, respectively. Owing to the excellent optical and electronic properties and ease of synthesis compared to other semiconductor materials such as crystalline silicon (c-Si), Gallium arsenide (GaAs), and Cadmium telluride (CdTe). 3D MHP have been utilised in other devices such as light emitting diode (LED), field effect transistor (FET), photodetectors, X-ray detectors, and lasers. However 3D MHPs suffer from inherent chemical and structural instabilities over moisture, light, and heat, which are significant challenges and notorious culprits that deteriorate the stability and hinder the commercialisation of perovskite-based devices. Several strategies and techniques have been employed to address these instabilities. Reducing the dimensionality of 3D MHP is a capable and practical approach to addressing the inherent chemical and structural instabilities of 3D MHP, as other methods used to tackle these instabilities, such as compositional mixing and additive engineering tend to be associated with an increased production cost and a reduction in performance. Two-dimensional (2D) and quasi-2D MHP have shown greater stability over moisture, light, and heat, because of these attributes, they have gained substantial interests from researchers recently.