Browsing by Author "Layloo, Nazreen"

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    COVID-19: Focus on masks and respirators – Implications for oral health-care workers
    (2020) Mulder, Riaan; Layloo, Nazreen; Mulder van Staden, Sune
    The emergence of the novel human coronavirus (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; abbreviated as: SARS-CoV-2) generally known as COVID-19 is a global health concern.1 On 11 February 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) named the novel viral pneumonia as “Corona Virus Disease” (COVID-19). The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) suggested this novel coronavirus be named “SARS-CoV-2” due to the phylogenetic and taxonomic analysis of this virus.2 Thus, both terms are utilised interchangeably in the literature. Undoubtedly, COVID-19 will change the way we practice dentistry with vast implications for Oral health-care workers (OHCW) and practice staff. Additionally, if rigorous safety protocols are not implemented based on a risk assessment outlined by the CDC, the dental practice can potentially become a nexus for disease transmission due to the high volume of aerosol production on a daily basis. Personal protective equipment (PPE), staff training and practice disinfection protocols have now especially become important in the light of the current pandemic. This is not a fight that one profession can fight alone, it requires joint efforts, it requires all stakeholders, it requires foresight and it requires us to put the health of the communities above all else.
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    Salivary carriage of candida species in children and their mothers in a Western Cape population salivary carriage of candida species in children and their mothers in a Western Cape population
    (Universty of the Western Cape, 2023) Layloo, Nazreen; Adam, Razia
    Candida albicans has been detected together with Streptococcus mutans in high numbers in children with early childhood caries (ECC). The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of Candida albicans in children with ECC in the Western Cape, and to explore the possibility of maternal relatedness. A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 48 child-mother pairs within the Western Cape. DMFT/dmft scores for caries were assessed during a comprehensive oral examination. A structured questionnaire was administered to mothers of the participating children between the ages of 2 and 6 years. In addition to socio-demographic variables, dietary practices, antibiotic use, presence of an oral appliance, and frequency of dental visits were included. A single researcher conducted the clinical examination and sample collection. Saliva (2 mL) samples from all child-mother pairs were collected using sterile Eppendorf tubes. Saliva samples were cultured on both blood agar and Sabouraud dextrose agar plates. Cultures were isolated, counted, and identified. Positively identified cocci were then isolated and identified as specific Streptococcus species using the API strep 20E system (Biomerieux). Positive yeasts were sub-cultured and isolated on chromogenic agar plates and incubated at 37° C for 24 hours. Depending on the colour profile of the growth, the presence of Candida albicans was confirmed. Results were tabulated and statistical analyses conducted. Ethical approval was granted by the Biomedical Research and Ethics Committee of the University of the Western Cape (BM19/10/18).