Browsing by Author "Kanayo, Ogujiuba"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    Comparative analysis of the use of professional health providers by young mothers in developing countries: A new frontier for health education
    (AFAHPER-SD, 2016) Kabongo, Muika; Stiegler, Nancy; Kanayo, Ogujiuba
    Childbearing accelerates the risk of maternal and child morbidity and young mothers have a much higher risk of dying from maternal causes. Therefore, understanding the dynamics of young mothers’ use of professional health providers during pregnancy and childbirth in developing countries as well as identifying the socioeconomic factors that influence them is imperative. The paper investigates the relationship between the utilization of professional health providers and socioeconomic influence in Kenya, Ethiopia, Haiti, Bangladesh and Guyana. Both Chi-square and logistic regression models were used on the Demographic and Health Survey data set of the select countries to determine the relationship between young mothers’ characteristics and use of professional health providers. Using bivariate and multivariate analysis, socioeconomic and demographic factors were triangulated to capture the relationships between professional health providers’ utilization and young mothers. Test statistics showed that age and education had a positive, statistically significant relationship with the young mothers’ use of professional health providers for delivery in Kenya, (p=0.01<0.05) in Ethiopia (p=0.01<0.05) and in Haiti (p=0.01<0.05). The results of logistic regression also showed a positive statistical significance between the young mothers’ use of professional health providers and level of education, wealth, and place of residence (p=0.05) for the select countries. Our findings suggest that socioeconomic conditions in the selected countries influence the use of professionals for both prenatal and natal care. In order to improve maternal and child health in accordance with Sustainable Development Goals, emphasis should be placed on providing health education for young women and expanding the knowledge curriculum of professional health providers that attend to them. While recognizing that the health educator has contributions to make on both the micro and macro change levels, a case is made for moving the field of health education further in the broad direction of prenatal and natal care. This would impact positively on the socioeconomic status of women in general.
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    Egotism and female managerial performance in South Africa: Evidence from SMEs in the agricultural sector
    (Taylor and Francis, 2021) van Rensburg, Nico; Kanayo, Ogujiuba
    This study sets out to address the perceived pitfalls of egotism among female entrepreneurs in South Africa. This study further ascertains a unique strategy and group of accustomed performance factors that are believed to serve as a cognitive antidote for female entrepreneurs to consistently out-manoeuvre the dangers of egotism. This study adopted a qualitative approach in which 16 achieving female entrepreneurs were purposively selected. The primary data was collected through the application of professionally conducted semi-structured one-on-one interviews and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) served as the primary method of data analysis. Findings from this study prove the significant impact the effects of egotism are believed to have on entrepreneurship and managerial performance as a whole. Aspects such as continuous self-study and the establishment of a disciplined mind both surfaced as invaluable assets.
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    Public sector spending in Nigeria: implications for poverty, demographic changes and millennium development goals target
    (University of the Western Cape, 2015) Kanayo, Ogujiuba; Stiegler, Nancy
    Over the last two decades, budgetary allocations to both the Health and Education sectors have been on the increase in Nigeria, while a counter-factual feedback on its effects for various economic groups and distributional effect for different population households has not been defined and well known. The resultant effect has been gross inefficiency and sub-optimality in terms of observed outcomes of the fiscal framework. In-addition, there have been a continuous quest by the citizenry for increased allocations to these sectors because of its supposed impact on the poverty index and standard of living. Although this is a compelling reason, but what is worrisome and equally troubling, is that the increasing incidence of poverty and expanding inequality in the Nigerian society have not mitigated, despite the scaling up of funding on the social sectors. Furthermore, the current level of socioeconomic development in Nigeria is not in tandem with the distributive outcome targets set by the 2004 reforms. Thus, understanding the current structure of poverty in Nigeria as well as beneficiaries of public sector spending provides a sound basis for tackling inequality and redesigning the current pro-poor frameworks. However, our analysis is focused on the distributional spread of beneficiaries from services and the counterfactual reciprocity of expenditure benefits rather than measuring the exact value to recipients of government-sponsored services. Our research methodology used the 2004 Nigerian Living Standard Survey; 2010 Harmonized Nigerian Living Standard Survey; Recent Cros-sectional data (2014) in South East Nigeria and secondary sources. Econometric methods (Error Correction Method); Marginal Odds estimation techniques, Concentration Curves and Ordered Logistic Regression were used for our analysis. Statistical and Econometric Software’s (E-Views; SPSS; DAD and STATA) were used for estimations. Econometric results showed misalignments between population dynamics and public sector expenditure on education, health and economic services. The government consumption expenditure was not sensitive to demographic changes. The derived adjustment coefficients of -1.38, -1.51 and 0.51 respectively, for education, health and economic services indicate huge gaps in terms of what optimal spending should have been, giving the population dynamics. Our benefit incidence analysis indicates that substantive gains have been made at the primary education and health care level, at the state level for SE Nigeria but there is a gross misapplication of funds at the secondary and tertiary levels of both education and health sectors. Results show that the state governments’ is subsidizing the rich at the levels of both secondary and tertiary for education and health care. In addition, country wide results indicate that apart from public primary education and health care for urban residents, no other level of social service was absolutely progressive in general terms, by gender or by location while the tertiary level of both services were regressive as shown by the 2010 survey results, in comparism to the 2004 survey results. Using the Ordered Logistic Regression, our result inclines to the lifecycle hypothesis which maintains that poverty oscillates depending on the age. At a younger age, it tends to be on the high side and decreases during the middle ages and increases with age. Our results discards the feminization of poverty general framework that women or female headed households are more prone to poverty due principally to low education and lack of opportunity to own assets such as land amongst others. This wasn’t the case for the South East Region of Nigeria. Estimates indicate that education status, health status and access to health facilities affected the category of welfare of head of households and invariable, the entire household. In general, our analysis shows misalignment of social expenditure for various population groups, both at the federal and state levels; making doubtful the realization of basic MDGs. Nigeria has to combine growth policies and assuring that demographics count, with the poor fully participating in economic development. Also, the need for a refocusing in resource allocation taking into cognizance gender dimensions cannot be overemphasized. A general re-allocation of spending going to females and the poorer households would lead to improvement in gender equality and health status of women and children. Expediting actions towards qualitative education will lead directly to an acceleration of many of the other MDGs, especially those focusing on the reduction of poverty and inequality. To attain MDG targets (post 2015) within a shorter period of time, there is the need to improve the quality of social infrastructure and services. Furthermore, research should be focused on improving knowledge and understanding of what policies, technologies and investments matter for sustained growth in the country. This will create the much needed multiplier effect on other aggregates. The degree to which the poor participate in the growth process and share in its proceeds matter; both in the pace and pattern of growth. It is therefore important to have categorization of the population into economic groups when formulating a developmental framework for poverty reduction programmes. The study recommends sequencing of interventions, strengthening of institutions and other several interrelated areas to attain effectiveness of public sector spending.
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    A review of the underlying factors influencing female genital mutilation in Africa
    (Taylor & Francis, 2016) Channel, Marinus; Nancy, Stiegler; Kanayo, Ogujiuba
    Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is a re-occurring decimal in Africa. This phenomenon is estimated to occur in over twenty-five (25) countries in Africa. It is further estimated that FGM has been performed on nearly two million adolescent women globally and more than two million adolescent women probably undergo this process on a yearly basis. This paper compared FGM features across five African countries. UNICEF and WHO datasets were used in the analysis. Results show that selected variables swayed the FGM choices differently for each of the five countries used as case studies. Furthermore, results indicate that the FGM is anchored in cultural, religious and traditional processes. If religious and cultural dynamics are ignored, the outright use of laws and education policy framework would be less effective in mitigating the practice. The paper recommends that in addition to legislation and education, a re-orientation of norms and values of African leaders, both traditional and religious, could lower the prevalence of FGM.
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    A Review of Value Added in Nigeria's Pre and Post-SAP Agricultural Sector: Background and Issues
    (International Foundation for Research and Development (IFRD), 2013) Kanayo, Ogujiuba; Stiegler, Nancy; Maurice, Ogbonnaya Ufiem
    In spite of the growing importance of oil, Nigeria has remained essentially an agrarian economy, with agriculture still significantly contributing to its Gross Domestic Product. However, the potentials of the agricultural sector to contribute to economic development in Nigeria have varied widely in the last two decades. This variation appears to be correlated to the nature of the political and economic regimes that exists. There were indications of some moderate output increase following the introduction of SAP. But, it is not yet certain whether the extent of deregulation policy currently being pursued by the Government and the preliminary outcome has elicited the desired response. One of the indications of the adverse development is the diversion of scarce foreign exchange from financing capital and intermediate imports to paying for food imports. Successive governments have experimented with various options in the promotion of agro-based industries, import substitution, promotion of specific sectors and specific areas. The outcome is an imbalance growth of various sub-sectors in the sector, poor capacity utilization, eroded competitiveness of local manufacturers and uneven playing field within the country. This paper basically reviews and analyzes the components of Nigeria’s agricultural sector, its contributions to economic development, and strategies adopted within the sector before and during the Structural Adjustment Program. It recommends that providing the right policy framework/enabling environment and incentives for private sector investment in the sector enshrined in the new economic blue print‘Transformation Agenda’ could be a viable option for revitalizing the sector.
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    Sports effects on ethical judgement skills of successful entrepreneurs: Adaptation of interpretative phenomenological analysis
    (Emerald, 2021) van Rensburg, Nico; Kanayo, Ogujiuba
    This paper aims to identify how entrepreneurs’ active involvement in sports/athletic training affects and adds to their overall ethical judgement skills within and outside the workplace.This study adopted a qualitative approach and included a combination of 12 male and female entrepreneurs who were purposively selected based on the study’s requirements. The primary data was collected through semi-structured one-on-one interviews, and interpretative phenomenological analysis served as the primary method of data analysis.Findings from this study suggest that entrepreneurs’ active involvement in sports/athletic training does indeed influence their ethical judgement skills all-round. Arising from a combination of sports involvement factors, a unique group of underlying elements surfaced that proves valuable accustomed relationships concerning the significant impact sports/athletic training have on successful entrepreneurs’ ethical judgement skills.
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    Unclean Energy Source Dependence and Sustainability in Nigeria: Consumption Dynamics and Impact of Contextual Factors
    (Econjournals, 2022) Kanayo, Ogujiuba; Naseer, Muazu
    Fuelwood is the primary energy source for throughout the developing world. This, indiscriminate use of fuelwood as energy jeopardizes the environment, and well-being of the people. Despite Nigeria being the energy giant in Africa, most of her people still depend on unclean energy [fuelwood] for cooking, heating, and boiling. This article underlines the dynamics and essential impacts of social cum economic and demographic indexes on household unclean energy dependence. We interviewed 994 household fuelwood consumers, using a two-stage stratified random sampling technique. We used the delineated Enumeration Areas for Katsina State, Nigeria for socioeconomic data. The test re-test reliability method (trustworthiness assessment of the questionnaire) and Cronbach Alpha test (internal constancy) resulted in a value of 0.70 and 0.875 respectively. Using descriptive statistics and logit regression, findings indicate a high level of fuelwood energy dependence among households. Findings show that education level, employment status, and household structure have an opposite and highly statistically substantial relationship with the likelihood of household dependence on fuelwood, while age and household size move in the same trajectory and highly statistically substantial association with the likelihood of family dependence on fuelwood. Thus, the most difficult challenge facing Nigeria as per household dependence on unclean energy (fuelwood) is that the use of fuelwood increase economic, environmental, and health dangers. dangers and It has therefore become imperative for a paradigm shift in policies to change the current narrative toward clean energy