Browsing by Author "Egieyeh, Elizabeth Oyebola"
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Item Comparative evaluation of pharmacy students’ knowledge and skills in maternal and child health: Traditional versus integrated curriculum(MDPI, 2022) Egieyeh, Elizabeth Oyebola; Bheekie, Angeni; van Huyssteen, Mea: Reducing maternal and child mortality is a health priority in South Africa. Therefore, health professional education should produce graduates that can meet these needs. This study compared the maternal and child health (MCH) knowledge and skills of cohorts of final-year students exposed to a traditional (in 2017 and 2018) and integrated (2019) curriculum using a 34-item questionnaire. Between the 2019 and 2017 cohorts, ANOVA and post hoc analysis showed significant differences in the reproductive and sexual health component which was dispersed in the second and final years of study (p = 0.007, Mean Difference (MD) = 8.3) andneonatal and child care (p = 0.000, MD = 15). while it was only in maternal and antenatal care (p = 0.009, MD = 10.0) for the 2019 and 2018 cohorts. Significant differences were observed in participants’ average mean scores (p = 0.000 for 2018 and 2017). The highest mean scores were recorded by the 2019 cohort in the three assessments. A onesample t-test showed the highest mean differences in the reproductive and sexual health components (p = 0.000; MD 2017 = 12.4, MD 2018 = 14.8, MD 2019 = 20.7). Overall, the integrated MCH curriculum and the longitudinal dispersion of content enhanced students’ knowledge and skills.Item Development and implementation of an integrated framework for undergraduate pharmacy training in maternal and child health at a South African university(MPDI, 2021) Egieyeh, Elizabeth Oyebola; Bheekie, Angeni; van Huyssteen, MeaThe South African Pharmacy Council (SAPC) regulates undergraduate pharmacy education and pharmacy practice. The SAPC Good Pharmacy Practice manual describes the role of pharmacists in maternal and child health (MCH) in line with the recommendation of international health regulatory bodies. However, baseline study findings in 2017 supported literature from around the world that indicated a need for curriculum review and integration to address the knowledge and skills gap in pharmacists’ MCH training. This paper describes the development and implementation of an integrated framework for MCH training across the four years of a Bachelor of Pharmacy program. The intervention included didactic lectures, skills practical on infant growth assessment, and an experiential learning component at primary health care clinics and pharmacies. Knowledge and skills assessment on contraception, maternal and antenatal care, and neonatal and child care were carried out pre, eight weeks post, and two years post intervention using the same questionnaire. ANOVA and post hoc analyses showed that participants’ knowledge and skills increased post intervention but decreased significantly two years later except in contraception where students experienced longitudinal integration of the MCH component. Generally, participants performed above the university average except in maternal and antenatal care.Item The development, implementation and evaluation of an integrated framework for undergraduate pharmacy education in maternal and child health at the University of the Western Cape(University of the Western Cape, 2022) Egieyeh, Elizabeth Oyebola; Bheekie, AngeniThe high rate of maternal and child mortality is a global health concern. Nationally, it is one of South Africa’s quadruple disease burdens. The Sustainable Development Goal 3, 2030 targets related to maternal and child health (MCH) were implemented to reduce the rate of mortality. The interventions that led to reducing mortality rates during the Millennium Development Goals era, such as improved access to quality healthcare services and skilled healthcare workers, need to be scaled up and accelerated to achieve the SDG 3 targets. As easily accessible frontline healthcare workers, pharmacists play an essential role in the continuum of care for MCH as guided by international and local regulatory health bodies. However, studies have shown that pharmacists feel ill-prepared and uncomfortable rendering MCH services, attributed to most pharmacy schools’ curriculum content and teaching methods.Item Inter-professional collaboration between general practitioners and community pharmacists: general practitioners’ perspectives(University of Western Cape, 2012) Egieyeh, Elizabeth Oyebola; Kim, WardThe global movement towards enhancing inter-professional collaboration in patient care is in light of the increasing potency of drugs and complexity of drug regimens, particularly in the chronically ill where poly-pharmacy is rife, collaborative patient management by general practitioners and community pharmacists, in particular, has the potential to enhance patient therapeutic outcomes in primary healthcare. Literature from other parts of the world has enumerated the advantages of collaboration. South Africa with its unusual quadruple burden of disease and human resource deficient public healthcare system would benefit from collaboration between general practitioners and community pharmacists through expanded roles for community pharmacists to enable them to make more meaningful contributions to primary healthcare regimens. Particularly with the introduction of the National Health Insurance (NHI) programme. This dissertation aims to assess from general practitioners‟ perspectives: the current level and stage of collaboration (using the collaborative working relationship (CWR) model proposed by McDonough and Doucette, 2001) between general practitioners and community pharmacists in patient care, if general practitioners‟ perceptions of the professional roles of community pharmacists in patients‟ care can influence desired collaboration (prospects of enhanced future collaboration) and how do general practitioners envision enhanced future collaboration between them and community pharmacists in patient care, possible barriers to the envisioned collaboration between the two practitioners, and how general practitioners‟ demographic characteristics influence inter-professional collaboration with community pharmacists. Sixty randomly selected consenting general practitioners in private practice participated in a cross-sectional, face- to-face questionnaire study. The questionnaire contained a range of statements with Likert scale response options. Data was initially entered into Epi Info (version 3.5.1., 2008) and then exported to IBM SPSS Statistical software for analysis (version19, 2010). Medians were used to summarize descriptive data and Spearman‟s correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney U Test and Kruskal-Wallis Test was used for bivariate analysis. Ethical approval was granted by the Senate Research and International Relations Committee, University of the Western Cape (Ethical Clearance Number: 10/4/29). The results indicated low-levels of current collaboration at stage 0 of the CWR model between general practitioners and community pharmacists. A statistically significant correlation was observed between general practitioners‟ perceptions of the professional roles of community pharmacists and desired collaboration (prospects of enhanced future collaboration), [p=0.0005]. Good prospects of enhanced future collaboration between general practitioners and community pharmacists were observed. General practitioners identified barriers to collaboration to include: the lack of remuneration for collaboration, absence of a government mandate or policy supporting collaboration, inability of general practitioners to share patients‟ information with community pharmacists and questionable professional ethics exhibited by community pharmacists particularly over financial gains. Most general practitioners agreed that joint continuing professional education organized by pharmaceutical companies or other groups will increase interaction and enhance collaboration. Enhanced Inter-professional collaboration between general practitioners and community pharmacists‟ can be possible in the future but hindrances need to be eliminated for this to be achieved. Future research can be aimed at exploring the perspectives‟ of community pharmacists to inter-professional collaboration in South Africa and interventions that will enhance collaboration.