Browsing by Author "Bibby, R.E"

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    The Physical and Mechanical Aspects of Orthodontic Appliances
    (University of the Western Cape, 1978) Bibby, R.E; Bibby, R.E
    These laws were first published in Latin,in 1687.The first law may be literally translated thus, Every body continues in its state of reat or of uniform motion in a straight line ,unless it is compelled to change that state by impressed force. This meano that if a body is at rest it will remain so unless some force acts on it,if in motion ,the velocity of motion must continue uniform unless some force acts to increase it or diminish it. Also the direction of motioA mast continue unchanged and therefom rectilinear unless some force causes it to be diverted. This law therefore supplies us with a definition of force; Force is that which produces or tends to produce, motion 0.' change of motion. Newton's second law of motion may be translated as follows:- Newton's second law of motion may be translated as follows:- The change of motion (produced)is proportional to the impressed force producing it,and pursues the direction in which that force is impressed. This law leads to a method of measuring forces. If we change the velocity with which a mass is moving,we also change its momentum. Change in momentum will serve to measure force.lt seems obvious that whatever change in momentum is produced by a force, twice the force will produce twice the change ,etc.i.e. the change is directly proportional to the force. For a given mass,m,change of momentum ,mv,means change of velocity;the change of velocity per unit time is aceeleration,a;the change in momentum per unit time is therefore malf we employ absolute units (poundals or dynes)this can be shown as; Newton's third law of motion states that 'to every action there is an equaI and opposite reaction'.This law recognises the dual aspect of forces It a tooth is pushed by a finger spring ,the spring is also pushed by the tooth,and an eqpal counter force acts towards the spring unti1 the biology of the system intervenes. This dual stress is called pressure. Retracting incisors against posterior segments it is apparent that the reaction of the posterior segments must be equal and opposite to the incisors.In this case the two forces act away trom each other,and tG this dual stress we give the name tension.
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    Pre and Postnatal growth and development of the Mandible
    (University of the Western Cape, 1977) Bibby, R.E; Bibby, R.E
    This paper has attempted to describe the prenatal development of the mandible in humans and ita postnatal growth. The various theories of how this growth occurs have been described including the historical work by Brash, the' classical theory', .. which includes a section on the controversy regarding the term' growth centre' and its application to the mandibular condyle. Bjork's investigations using the implant method have been covered. This method allowed him to superimpose the mandibles in a longi tudinal growth study with more ease and accuracy than was formerly possible.Note that no mention is made in this paper of the error due to magni~cation changes in the radiographs resul~ing from the growth itself. Enlow's theory ,including his ideas on relocation,cortical drift,reversal etc. based on the morphology of the mandible are covered. The functional theory of Moss'which has many supporters and is perhaps one of the strongest theories is included with a further section on the role function plays The other main theory described is the theory of arcial growth is covered by Ricketts. The chin is a characteristic of Man and a short section will be found about its development Nowadays we are using prediction of the growth of an individual as an intgral part of our treatment plan in orthodontics .I have attempted to describe the structural features of acephalo metric radiograph which are our guidelines for prediction I have included at the end a short part about investigations using hormones to study their role in development.This only scratches the surface of the many hormonal studies carried out but serves to show another side of research concerning the development of the mandible.