Browsing by Author "Barrie, Robert"
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Item Caries status and treatment needs of 6- and 12-year-old Western Cape learners in the public sector.(University of the Western Cape, 2022) Simpson, Karen Rene; Barrie, RobertThere is a need for good oral health data in the Western Cape as effective health care requires good information. The most recent survey was carried out in 2002 (van Wyk and van Wyk, 2004) and therefore there is no current information on the oral disease burden, nor the oral health treatment needs of children in the Western Cape. The Provincial Government of the Western Cape had requested data to be collected to evaluate the roll out of the fissure sealant programme in the Western Cape as part of the Primary Preventive Primary School Oral Health Programme. This data collected from 2011 included the caries status and treatment need of each primary and permanent tooth, in a sample of 6- and 12-year-old children, at selected provincial schools in this province. The programme was rolled out, but suddenly terminated in 2019 which limited the ability to conduct a complete analysis.Item Dental treatment of pre-school paediatric patients under general anaesthesia in the Western Cape(2009) Peerbhay, Fathima Bibi Mahomed; Barrie, Robert; Mohamed, NadiaAIM:The aim of this study was to review the data available from the Department of Health(DOH), on pre-school paediatric patients treated under Dental General Anaesthesia(DGA), at public health facilities in the Western Cape (WC) in order to ascertain the type and nature of treatment provided.METHODOLOGY:This retrospective descriptive study reviewed the records on the Department of Health(DoH) Database of 16 732 pre-school patients treated under dental general anaesthesia in the period 1 January 2005 until 31 December 2007. A questionnaire was also completed telephonically with 22 dentists from the district dental health clinics.Summary descriptive statistics were calculated from data collected and comparisons were drawn between services available at the health districts and academic hospitals.RESULTS:Of the 58 255 procedures recorded for pre-school patients in the district health clinics in the Western Cape, 99.94% were for extractions provided and 0.5% for restorations.The average number of teeth extracted was 10.4 (SD ±3.9).The average rate of DGA per 1000 of the population was 1.06. Only 9% (2) of dentists at district clinics reported that pre-DGA prevention was provided and 5% (1) reported including post-DGA prevention. The Academic Hospital at Tygerberg Oral Health Centre was the only facility in the Western Cape that provided comprehensive dental treatment for pre-school patients which included restorations, extractions, pre and post DGA prevention. Red Cross Children’s Hospital provided treatment for pre-school patients under DGA that included extractions, pre- and post DGA, but no restorative treatment. CONCLUSION:The demand for DGA in pre-school patients in the WC was high. The lack of prevention associated with DGA in the public health service is the most likely reason the retreatment rate under DGA was reported by dentists as being 77%. There was an absence of protocol regarding DGA for pre-school patients in the public health service.RECOMMENDATIONS:Guidelines formulated were recommended for use in the public service for pre-school patients being treated under DGA and includes the provision of preventive interventions such as regular topical fluoride applications, oral hygiene instruction and dietary advice.Item Knowledge, attitude and practices towards preventive dentistry amongst dental clinicians in Gauteng Department of Health(University of the Western Cape, 2019) Shaikh, Rahisa Banu; Barrie, RobertThe Gauteng province is divided into 5 districts each of which have a public based oral health programme. Each district provides oral health treatments such as dental extractions with treatment of pain and sepsis, preventive dentistry, simple restorations, removable prosthodontics (complete and partial dentures) and minor oral surgery in selected facilities. The main treatment modality in most government based dental clinics is dental extractions (Department of Health, 2003). This indicates the poor status of the population’s teeth. Dental caries is a condition that can be prevented if adequate efforts are made to practice preventive dentistry. Preventive dentistry has been a treatment modality that has been practiced poorly or almost completely ignored in several oral health facilities for many years. This neglect could be due to several factors such as in adequate knowledge regarding preventive dentistry procedures, poor attitude towards preventive dentistry, lack of motivation, or lack of resources (Clark, 2011). The purpose of this study is to determine why preventive dentistry has been neglected for so many years.Item Maternal and infant risk factors and risk indicators associated with early childhood caries in South Africa: A systematic review(BMC, 2022) Kimmie‑Dhansay, Faheema; Barrie, Robert; Roberts, TinaTo evaluate the risk factors and risk indicators associated with early childhood caries in South Africa. A systematic review of aetiology was performed. From 1366 papers found, 23 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included. All study designs were included. Healthy children under six who live in South Africa were eligible for the study. The study was registered with PROSPERO, registration number CRD42020216455. Eligible studies were selected, and data extracted independently by two reviewers. Published data on socio-economic status, dietary factors, oral hygiene knowledge and practices, breastfeeding and bottle-feeding practices, oral bacterial flora and other risk indicators were collected. Two authors appraised the studies independently using the Joanna Briggs Critical Appraisal tools.Item The perceived and normative orthodontic treatment need of a group of South African children(University of the Western Cape, 2015) Rampersadh, Yuvthi; Harris, Angela Manbre Poulter; Barrie, RobertIntroduction: Improvement of aesthetics is often the reason patients seek orthodontic treatment. The ability to accurately assess aesthetic treatment need from the viewpoint of the patient is necessary. The threshold for orthodontic treatment is not constant in all countries and no previous attempts to determine this threshold has been made in South Africa. By ensuring that patient’s perceptions of treatment need are incorporated into the index chosen to assess perceived need, accurate data can be obtained. Determining perceived need from the patient’s viewpoint is important, and understanding its relationship with perceived need according to the professional, as well as normative need can facilitate better patient communication and management of expectations. Aims: There were three main aims of this study. First, South African children’s perceptions of treatment need according to the Aesthetic Component (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) was assessed to determine if they were similar to those of the dentists who established the threshold, or if the threshold of the grading system should be altered to better suit laypeople’s opinions. Second, the newly established threshold could then be used to determine the perceived needs for orthodontic treatment, and compare them to the normative need of the population. Finally, factors that may influence the perceived needs of the patients such as gender, ethnicity and socio-economic position could be investigated. Methodology: A cross-sectional study on 317 children aged between 11 and 14 years was done. 43.8% were male and 56.2 % were female. The sample was chosen from five schools in the Lekwa District of Mpumalanga using a multi-stage sampling technique. The study population comprised of four groups based on ethnicity; Asian (3%), black (74%), coloured (6%) and white (17%). The socio-economic position (SEP) was determined by Principal Component Analysis of household assets. Societal perceived, subjective perceived and self-perceived needs were assessed using a questionnaire and the child-rated AC of the IOTN. An intra-oral examination was conducted using the AC of the IOTN to assess objective perceived need and the modified Dental Health Component (DHC) of the IOTN to assess normative treatment need. Results: Treatment threshold was determined to be grade 3 of the AC of the IOTN according to societal perceived need of the group of South African children, and was confirmed by self-perceived need. Subjective perceived need for treatment was assessed using the AC grade participants felt best reflected their aesthetic impairment, and was found to be 20.2%, compared to actual self-perceived need of 38.5%. The latter was deduced by comparing the child-rated AC (subjective perceived need) to their perception of treatment need of that grade (societal perceived need). The objective perceived need measured by the examiner-rated AC was 60%. Definite need for orthodontic treatment based on the modified DHC of the IOTN was 41.2%. No significant difference between societal perceived or self-perceived need and gender or socio-economic position was found. White children have lower societal perceived treatment need regarding others’ aesthetic impairment. Conclusion: The treatment threshold grade should be lowered to better represent the societal perceived and self-perceived need of the South African population. Normative need was higher than perceived needs from the patients’ point of view (subjective perceived and self-perceived need), but lower than the perceived need from the professional’s point of view (objective perceived need). Ethnicity was found to have an influence on societal perceived need.Item Prevalence of early childhood caries in South Africa: Protocol for a systematic review(JMIR Publications, 2021) Kimmie-Dhansay, Faheema; Barrie, Robert; Naidoo, SudeshniYoung children are at the highest risk of developing dental caries as they have a lack of autonomy over their diet and oral hygiene practices. Dental caries develops over time due to demineralization of tooth substance (enamel), which results from acid production during sugar metabolism by bacteria. Early onset of dental caries often results in asymptomatic presentation, but if left untreated, it can result in severe pain, infection, and dentoalveolar abscesses. Early childhood caries (ECC) is defined as dental caries in children aged 6 years and younger and is a significant public health problem in South Africa. According to the Global Burden of Disease study, untreated dental caries of primary teeth affects 532 million children. Untreated dental caries has many detrimental effects which can affect the physical development and reduce the quality of life of affected children. Furthermore, long-term untreated dental caries can result in school absenteeism, low BMI, and poor educational outcomes.Item Recruiting and retaining rural students: evidence from a Faculty of Dentistry in South Africa(Deakin University, 2012) McMillan, Wendy; Barrie, RobertThere is a shortage internationally of adequately trained health professionals to service rural areas. Health professionals are more likely to practice in communities that are like the one in which they grew up. The WHO therefore suggests targeted university admission policies to facilitate the enrolment of students from rural areas. In South Africa, rural students have special needs with regard to university access and throughput because they come from the most economically disadvantaged communities and often are the first in their families to attend university. This descriptive study, the first in South Africa with a cohort of dentistry students, draws on data from undergraduates at a single faculty of dentistry in South Africa. It investigates the factors affecting rural students’ access to university, their academic success, as well as their employment intentions.Item The South African dental schools’ educational environment: Final year students’ perceptions at four dental schools(JCDR Publishing, 2018) Bhayat, Ahmed; Barrie, Robert; Motloba, Pagollang; Yengopal, VeerasamyIntroduction: The Educational Environment (EE) can play a major role in the success and progress of students and their studies. The EE includes the infrastructure, clinical activities, the atmosphere created by staff and students and the clinical supervision of students both at the dental hospital and at outreach sites. Aim: To determine and compare the final year dental students’ perceptions of their EE at the four dental schools in South Africa (SA). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study including all final year dental students registered in 2017 at the four dental schools in SA was undertaken. The Dundee Ready Educational and Environment Measure (DREEM) was used and this consisted of 50 items separated into five categories. All data was anonymous and information was kept strictly confidential. T-tests and ANOVA were used to compare demographics, item, domain and total scores of respondents between the dental schools. Descriptive statistics were used to report on the frequencies and percentages for categorical variables. Results: Out of total 210 final year students, 141 (67%) agreed to participate. The mean age was 23.9 years (±2.4) and 72% were female. The mean overall score was 124.5 and the mean scores for the domains were 30.3 for learning, 26.2 for the perception of lecturers, 23.4 for academic self-perception, 27.9 for the perception of the atmosphere and 16.2 for social self-perception; all of these indicated that the EEs were more positive than negative. A total of seven (14%) items had a mean score of less than 50%. All institutions except one, had a mean total score above 100 out of a total of 200 (50%). Items which scored the highest included the content being relevant to dentistry and the friendships that were formed. Items with the lowest scores included lecturers being authoritarian, over-emphasis of factual learning and being too tired. Conclusion: South African dental students perceived their EE to be positive. Older students and males were more satisfied compared to their counterparts. The content of the dental curriculum seemed to be appropriate and relevant but should be constantly re-evaluated to identify areas that need to be improved.