Blood pressure gradients and cardiovascular risk factors in urban and rural populations in Abia State South Eastern Nigeria using the WHO STEPwise approach

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dc.contributor.authorOkpechi, Ikechi Gareth
dc.contributor.authorChukwuonye, Innocent Ijezie
dc.contributor.authorTiffin, Nicki
dc.contributor.authorMadukwe, Okechukwu Ojoemelam
dc.contributor.authorOnyeonoro, Ugochukwu Uchenna
dc.contributor.authorUmeizudike, Theophilus Ifeanyichukwu
dc.contributor.authorOgah, Okechukwu Samuel
dc.contributor.authorOnyeonoro, Ugochukwu Uchenna
dc.date.accessioned2017-02-20T08:37:03Z
dc.date.available2017-02-20T08:37:03Z
dc.date.issued2013
dc.description.abstractBackground: Developing countries of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) face a double burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and communicable diseases. As high blood pressure (BP) is a common global cardiovascular (CV) disorder associated with high morbidity and mortality, the relationship between gradients of BP and other CV risk factors was assessed in Abia State, Nigeria. Methods: Using the WHO STEPwise approach to surveillance of chronic disease risk factors, we conducted a populationbased cross-sectional survey in Abia state, Nigeria from August 2011 to March 2012. Data collected at various steps included: demographic and behavioral risk factors (Step 1); BP and anthropometric measurements (Step 2), and fasting blood cholesterol and glucose (Step 3). Results: Of the 2983 subjects with complete data for analysis, 52.1% were females and 53.2% were rural dwellers. Overall, the distribution of selected CV disease risk factors was diabetes (3.6%), hypertension (31.4%), cigarette smoking (13.3%), use of smokeless tobacco (4.8%), physical inactivity (64.2%) and being overweight or obese (33.7%). Presence of hypertension, excessive intake of alcohol, smoking (cigarette and smokeless tobacco) and physical inactivity occurred more frequently in males than in females (p,0.05); while low income, lack of any formal education and use of smokeless tobacco were seen more frequently in rural dwellers than in those living in urban areas (p,0.05). The frequency of selected CV risk factors increased as BP was graded from optimal, normal to hypertension; and high BP correlated with age, gender, smokeless tobacco, overweight or obesity, annual income and level of education. Conclusion: Given the high prevalence of hypertension in this part of Nigeria, there is an urgent need to focus on the reduction of preventable CV risk factors we have observed to be associated with hypertension, in order to effectively reduce the burden of NCDs in Africa.en_US
dc.description.accreditationISI
dc.description.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0073403
dc.identifier.citationOkpechi, I.G., et al. (2013). Blood pressure gradients and cardiovascular risk factors in urban and rural populations in Abia State South Eastern Nigeria using the WHO STEPwise approach. PLoS ONE, 8(9): e73403.en_US
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10566/2551
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0073403
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.privacy.showsubmitterFALSE
dc.publisherPublic Library of Scienceen_US
dc.rightsThis is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
dc.status.ispeerreviewedTRUE
dc.subjectBlood Pressureen_US
dc.subjectCardiovascular risk factorsen_US
dc.subjectAbia Stateen_US
dc.subjectNigeriaen_US
dc.titleBlood pressure gradients and cardiovascular risk factors in urban and rural populations in Abia State South Eastern Nigeria using the WHO STEPwise approachen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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