A meta-analysis of the relationship between problem-solving appraisal as assessed by the problem solving inventory and suicide ideation

Abstract

Suicide is a significant public health concern globally, and deficits in problem-solving ability have been identified as an important risk factor for suicide. Through a comprehensive meta-analysis, this study aims to quantitatively synthesize the relationship between self-appraised problem-solving ability as measured by the Problem-solving Inventory (PSI) and suicidal ideation as indicated by measures of hopelessness and suicidal thoughts. The heterogeneity metrics suggested that the PSI and its subscales relate to suicide-related variables, though the strength and direction of these relationships vary across studies and populations. Despite this variability, the total PSI scale demonstrated the strongest combined effect, indicating its potential utility in suicide risk assessment. There were no significant moderating effects of age or gender composition across the studies, indicating that the relationship between perceived problem-solving abilities and suicide-related outcomes is consistent across age and gender groups. The strong association between perceived problem-solving competencies and reduced hopelessness highlights the potential of targeted interventions to enhance these skills. Such interventions could form a vital component of suicide-prevention strategies, aimed at bolstering the ability to cope with stress and adversity.