Lawack VivienneReddy Eveshnie2025-06-232025-06-232024N/Ahttps://hdl.handle.net/10566/20537Cryptocurrency crime is a highly complex phenomenon that presents unique challenges to policymakers, investigators, regulators, and the judiciary, both globally and in South Africa. This study explores, describes, explains, and analyses the legal, regulatory, ethical, and technical challenges emergent in the investigation and prosecution of cryptocurrency crime in the South African context. This is achieved by expounding upon the following aspects: (1) the intersection between with cybercrime and financial crime, (2) the key regulatory developments regarding the use of cryptocurrencies, (3) the effectiveness of Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020 to effectively investigate and successfully prosecute cryptocurrency crime, (4) the extent to which current investigative powers can adapt and integrate to effectively police Tor crypto markets on the dark web and (5) the approach best suited towards formulating an enforcement framework for cryptocurrency crime in South Africa. A central premise of the thesis is that an enforcement framework for cryptocurrency crime should be evidence-based and take on a multidisciplinary approach. This entails a systematic application of legal and regulatory measures to detect, investigate, prosecute, and deter criminal activities involving cryptocurrencies. It involves a multifaceted approach that integrates law enforcement efforts, regulatory oversight, and technological tools to combat crimes or illegal activities facilitated by, relating to, or underpinned by cryptocurrencies.enAnonymityBitconCryptocurrencyCryptocurrency crimeCybercrimeThesis