Bozalek, VivienneCarolissen, Ronelle2014-01-132014-01-132012Bozalek, V. & Carolissen, R. (2013). Designing the project: theoretical approaches. In B. Leibowitz, et al. (eds). Community, Self and Identity: Educating South African Students for Citizenship. Cape Town: HSRC Press, pp32-43978-0-7969-2241-0http://hdl.handle.net/10566/943Education in South Africa is in crisis. Low literacy and numeracy rates, poor discipline, and a sense of despair pervade the education landscape. At the same time, educators are called upon to achieve more, with universities tasked to produce graduates capable of exercising responsible and reflective citizenship in a competitive and globalising world. However, universities face very complex demands and resource constraints. In this sobering context, this book provides an opportunity to learn from a bold experiment in teaching and learning taking place across two very different South African universities, one historically black, and one historically white and AfrikaansenCopyright Bozalek & Carolissen; licensee HSRC Press. This is an Open Access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Theoretical frameworkSocial justiceDifferenceCritical theoriesPoststructural theoriesThe pedagogy of discomfortBook chapter