Dube, TimothyRadingoana, Makgalake Pabalelo2022-01-192024-11-062022-01-192024-11-062021https://hdl.handle.net/10566/17660Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThe majority of rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa are predominantly poor and depend largely on small-scale subsistence farming. To date, various farming mechanisms (e.g. organic farming, crop rotation, agroforestry and inter-cropping) have been introduced to improve food security and to avert hunger; however, water scarcity remains a challenge. The sub-Saharan African region is currently regarded as water stressed and this has had a significant impact on rural livelihoods. Despite being considered as a water-scarce region, the demand for water for agricultural purposes continues to increase exponentially, while, on the other hand, its supply keeps on diminishing, particularly for agricultural production.enCrop productionGreywater re-useHome gardeningHeavy metalsSoil qualityUniversity of Western Cape