Tintinchi, SalamLuo, Lin2020-08-192024-05-132020-08-192024-05-132019https://hdl.handle.net/10566/14751Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThe widespread use of fossil energy has been most convenient to the world, while they also cause environmental pollution and global warming. Therefore, it is necessary to develop clean and renewable energy sources, among which, hydrogen is considered to be the most ideal choice, which forms the foundation of the hydrogen energy economy, and the research on hydrogen production and fuel cells involved in its production and utilization are naturally a vital research endeavor in the world. Electrocatalysts are one of the key materials for proton exchange member fuel cells (PEMFCs) and water splitting. The use of electrocatalysts can effectively reduce the reaction energy barriers and improve the energy conversion efficiency.enProton exchange membrane fuel cellsOxygen reduction reactionWater splittingHydrogen evolution reactionElectrocatalystActivityStabilityUniversity of the Western Cape