Fahiem Carelse, MGokul, ANiekerk, L.-A2021-05-112021-05-112021Fahiem Carelse, M. et al. (2021). Exogenous 3,3′-diindolylmethane improves vanadium stress tolerance in brassica napus seedling shoots by modulating antioxidant enzyme activities. Biomolecules, 11(3),436,1-182218-273X10.3390/biom11030436http://hdl.handle.net/10566/61423,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM) belongs to a family of indole glucosinolate compounds that have been shown to improve Brassica napus growth through the modulation of reactive oxygen species when applied exogenously. The B. napus cultivar AV Garnet was previously identified as a vanadium-sensitive cultivar. Therefore, in this study we investigated whether exogenous DIM could improve the vanadium tolerance of AV Garnet. We performed the following experiments: seed germination assessment, dry weight assessment, cell viability assay, chlorophyll content assay, mal-ondialdehyde (MDA) assay, conjugated diene (CD) content assay, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 ) content assay, superoxide (O2−) content determination, methylglyoxal (MG) content determination, hydroxyl radical (·OH) concentration determination, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity assay, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity assay, glyoxalase I (Gly I) activity assay, glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity assay and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) analysis for vanadium content determination. Under vanadium stress, exogenous DIM increased the seed germination percentage, shoot dry weight, cell viability and chlorophyll content.en3,3′-diindolylmethaneAntioxidant enzymesBrassica napusReactive oxygen speciesVanadiumArticle