Iwuoha, EmmanuelBaker, Priscilla G. L.Ndangili, Peter Munyao2015-03-162024-05-132015-03-162024-05-132012https://hdl.handle.net/10566/14663Philosophiae Doctor - PhDElectroanalytical and optical properties of nanoscale materials are very important for biosensing applications as well as for understanding the unique one-dimensional carrier transport mechanism. One-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterials such as semiconductor quantum dots are extremely attractive for designing high-density protein arrays. Because of their high surfaceto-volume ratio, electro-catalytic activity as well as good biocompatibility and novel electron transport properties make them highly attractive materials for ultra-sensitive detection of biological macromolecules via bio-electronic or bio-optic devices. A genosensor or gene based biosensor is an analytical device that employs immobilized deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) probes as the recognition element and measures specific binding processes such as the formation of deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA-DNA), deoxyribonucleic acid- ribonucleic acid (DNA-RNA) hybrids, or the interactions between proteins or ligand molecules with DNA at the sensor surface.In this thesis, I present four binary and two ternary-electrochemically and optically modulated selenide and telluride quantum dots, all synthesised at room temperature in aqueous media. Cationic gallium (Ga3+) synthesized in form of hydrated gallium perchlorate salt[Ga(ClO4)3.6H2O] from the reaction of hot perchloric acid and gallium metal was used to tailor the optical and electrochemical properties of the selenide and telluride quantum dots. The synthesized cationic gallium also allowed successful synthesis of novel water soluble and biocompatible capped gallium selenide nanocrystals and gallium telluride quantum dots.enAmphiphilic bifunctional moleculesDNA sensorsElectrochemical impedance spectroscopyExcitation/Emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthaseGenetically modified organismsQuantum dotsElectrochemical impedance spectroscopyTernary alloysGallium vacanciesThesisUniversity of the Western Cape