Teo, KoonLear, ScottIslam, ShofiqulMony, PremDehghan, MahshidLi, WeiRosengren, AnnikaLopez-Jaramillo, PatricioDiaz, RafaelOliveira, GustavoMiskan, MaizatullifahRangarajan, SumathyIqbal, RomainaIlow, RafalPuoane, ThandiBahonar, AhmadGulec, SadiDarwish, Ebtihal A.Lanas, FernandoVijaykumar, KrishnapillaiRahman, OmarChifamba, JephatHou, YanLi, NingYusuf, Salim2017-04-042017-04-042013Teo, K. et al. (2013). Prevalence of a healthy lifestyle among individuals with cardiovascular disease in high-, middle- and low-income countries: The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. JAMA, 309(15): 1613 - 16210098-7484http://hdl.handle.net/10566/2723http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.3519Importance: Little is known about adoption of healthy lifestyle behaviors among individuals with a coronary heart disease (CHD) or stroke event in communities across a range of countries worldwide. Objective: To examine the prevalence of avoidance or cessation of smoking, eating a healthy diet, and undertaking regular physical activities by individuals with a CHD or stroke event. Design, Setting, and Participants Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) was a large, prospective cohort study that used an epidemiological survey of 153 996 adults, aged 35 to 70 years, from 628 urban and rural communities in 3 high-income countries (HIC), 7 upper-middle-income countries (UMIC), 3 lower-middle-income countries (LMIC), and 4 low-income countries (LIC), who were enrolled between January 2003 and December 2009. Main Outcome: Measures smoking status (current, former, never), level of exercise (low, 600 metabolic equivalent task [MET]-min/wk; moderate, 600-3000 MET-min/wk; high, 3000 MET-min/wk), and diet (classified by the Food Frequency Questionnaire and defined using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index). Results: Among 7519 individuals with self-reported CHD (past event: median, 5.0 [interquartile range {IQR}, 2.0-10.0] years ago) or stroke (past event: median, 4.0 [IQR, 2.0-8.0] years ago), 18.5% (95% CI, 17.6%-19.4%) continued to smoke; only 35.1% (95% CI, 29.6%-41.0%) undertook high levels of work- or leisure related physical activity, and 39.0% (95% CI, 30.0%-48.7%) had healthy diets; 14.3% (95% CI, 11.7%-17.3%) did not undertake any of the 3 healthy lifestyle behaviors and 4.3% (95% CI, 3.1%-5.8%) had all 3. Overall, 52.5% (95% CI, 50.7%-54.3%) quit smoking (by income country classification: 74.9% [95% CI, 71.1%-78.6%] in HIC; 56.5% [95% CI, 53.4%-58.6%] in UMIC; 42.6% [95% CI, 39.6%-45.6%] in LMIC; and 38.1% [95% CI, 33.1%-43.2%] in LIC). Levels of physical activity increased with increasing country income but this trend was not statistically significant. The lowest prevalence of eating healthy diets was in LIC (25.8%; 95% CI, 13.0%-44.8%) compared with LMIC (43.2%; 95% CI, 30.0%- 57.4%), UMIC (45.1%, 95% CI, 30.9%-60.1%), and HIC (43.4%, 95% CI, 21.0%- 68.7%). Conclusion and Relevance: Among a sample of patients with a CHD or stroke event from countries with varying income levels, the prevalence of healthy lifestyle behaviors was low, with even lower levels in poorer countries.enAll JAMA articles reporting original research are made freely available 6 months after publication (see Public Access), subject to certain conditions. Authors who submit their manuscripts to an approved public repository...must indicate that the content may not be made available to the public sooner than 6 months after publication in the journal. If authors adhere to these requirements, they may submit the final accepted version of the manuscript or a published copy of the article to the repository, if and only if the repository ensures that the deposited manuscript will not be made available to the public during the 6-month embargo following publication in the journal.Healthy lifestyleCardiovascular diseaseCommunitiesArticle