Ellis, WilliamVerbuyst, Rafael2025-10-292025-10-292025Verbuyst, R. and Ellis, W., 2025. Grappling with Refusal, Self-representation, and Visual Sovereignty at the Knoflokskraal Khoisan “Reclaim”. Critical Arts, pp.1-16.https://doi.org/10.1080/02560046.2024.2434593https://hdl.handle.net/10566/21324In 2020, a group Khoisan activists began occupying state-owned land near Grabouw, South Africa. Knoflokskraal has since attracted thousands of residents against the backdrop of widespread disappointment with land reform, heritage policies, and various forms of socio-economic marginalisation. The common labelling of Knoflokskraal as a “land invasion” overlooks the unique features of this self-styled “reclaim”, not least the agency that its residents embody in asserting a sense of indigenous visual sovereignty. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in 2022 among residents and community representatives, we highlight instances of interlocutors refusing to go along with mainstream research practices and conforming to widely held expectations surrounding Khoisan representation, but instead imprinting their presence on the landscape in unique ways. Knoflokskraal offers a rare glimpse into self-representation through land reform beyond the purview of the government. Read through the lens of refusal, this case study also prompts researchers to grapple with broader issues relating to research practices, indigenous agency, and visual sovereignty.enVisual sovereigntyKnoflokskraalrefusalagencyindigeneityArticle