Mugabo, PierreMohammednur, Mohammedmekin Mohammedseid2018-08-022024-05-152018-08-022024-05-152017https://hdl.handle.net/10566/15058Doctor Pharmaceuticae - DpharmThe use of efavirenz (EFV) in the first trimester of pregnancy remains controversial. In South Africa, the use of EFV-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART) as part of a Fixed Dose Combination (FDC) during the first trimester of pregnancy started in April, 2013. Literature to date has reported conflicting outcomes following the use of EFV-containing ART during the first trimester of pregnancy. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes among HIV-positive pregnant women treated with EFV-containing ART and compare these results with those of pregnant women treated with NVP-containing ART and HIV-negative pregnant women in resource-limited settings. In addition, the study also aimed to determine the effect of the time of initiation of ART on the prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes.enAdverse pregnancy outcomesAntiretroviral drugBirth defectEfavirenzFirst trimesterHIVLow birth weightNevirapinePregnant womenPreterm deliveryThesisUniversity of the Western Cape