Londt, MarcelSmith, Edgar Eben2022-08-042024-11-072022-08-042024-11-072022https://hdl.handle.net/10566/18649Philosophiae Doctor - PhDDuring the planning phase of this project, the researcher intended to conduct a countrywide South African study, as reflected in the title. However, the researcher experienced difficulty with obtaining permission to conduct research in most provinces, ultimately only succeeding in Gauteng. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic delimited the researchers scope to conduct research in most provinces within South Africa.enProbationPsychometric scale developmentCovid-19LawSouth AfricaThe development and validation of a child in conflict with the law risk assessment scale for probation officers in South AfricaUniversity of the Western Cape