Muller, T.F.G.Arendse, C.J.Bowers, Norman Mark2020-12-042024-10-302020-12-042024-10-302019https://hdl.handle.net/10566/16661>Magister Scientiae - MScWithout reverting to encapsulation, organic bulk - heterojunction solar cells can be protected from the oxidation of the highly reactive low work function cathode metal electrode, by the deposition of metal oxide buffer layers onto an indium-tin oxide (ITO) substrate. The zinc-oxide (ZnO) or titanium dioxide (TiO2) layer can serve as an electron collecting contact. In such a case the ordering of layer deposition is inverted from the traditional layer sequencing, using an additional effect of the metal oxide layer acting as a hole blocking contactenNanocrystallineMetal oxideSolar cellSpin coatingElectron blockingUniversity of Western Cape