Keyster, MarshallGokul, Arun2018-03-142024-05-092018-03-142024-05-092016https://hdl.handle.net/10566/13482Philosophiae Doctor - PhD (Biotechnology)Anthropogenic activities such as mineral mining, improper watering practices, and the use of heavy metal contaminated fertilizers have caused an influx of heavy metals into arable lands. These heavy metals may have a negative impact on plant growth, as they are able to increase ROS species within plants resulting in plant metabolism deterioration and tissue damage. Heavy metals also have the ability to render important enzymes non-functional or may decrease their activity resulting in poor growth. Vanadium was used as the heavy metal of choice in this study, as South Africa is one of the top producers of this metal worldwide. In an effort to improve growth of crop plants, mechanisms have to be identified to increase growth under vanadium stress. One method to increase growth is the use of exogenously applied signalling molecules. In this study, one such compound 3,3' Diindolylmethane (DIM) was investigated to identify whether it had growth promoting properties.enUniversity of the Western Cape