Nadasen, Krishnavelli KathleenOmukunyi, Bernard2021-04-012024-03-202021-04-012024-03-202021https://hdl.handle.net/10566/9498Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThe Joint United Nations Programme on HIV (UNAIDS) strongly recommends that developing countries regard medical male circumcision as a biomedical intervention. This recommendation has caused developing countries seeking a radical solution to the prevailing and persistent social problem of HIV to reform their health policies. Most now discourage traditional male circumcision and promote safe medical male circumcision (SMMC) as a strong contributor to reductions in HIV transmission. This has introduced conflicts in traditional African societies such as the Bugisu, where male circumcision is culturally motivated, symbolising a rite of passage from boyhood to manhood. In the Bugisu sub-region, the local Bamasaaba regard their cultural practice of traditional male circumcision (TMC) as prestigious.enBamasaabaTraditionSafe medical male circumcisionTraditional male circumcisionHegemonic masculinityUniversity of the Western Cape