Steytler, Nicode Visser, JaapChigwata, Tinashe2022-07-052022-07-052021Steytler, N. et al. (2021). South Africa: Surfing towards centralisation on the Covid-19 wave. in N. Steytler(ed), Comparative federalism and Covid-19: Combating the pandemic(336-354). Routledge. 10.4324/9781003166771-24978100316677110.4324/9781003166771-24http://hdl.handle.net/10566/7552When the Covid-19 pandemic reached its shores between February and March 2020, South Africa was already in a vulnerable situation – socially, economically, and politically. Although the country’s population, estimated at 59.6 million in 2020, is two-thirds urban, thus facilitating the spread of the virus, its age cohorts mitigated against Covid-19’s devastating impact – 28.6 per cent of the population is below 15 years old, and only 9.1 per cent is 60 years and older. Nevertheless, other factors placed the country at heightened risk. More than half of the population is poor, and the unemployment rate stands at 42 per cent (Statistics South Africa 2020); in South Africa, one of the most unequal countries in the world, the poor and unemployed are predominantly black. In 2018, social grants were, after salaries, the second main source of income for 45.2 per cent of households, with about 13.1 per cent of households living in informal dwellings.enCovid-19VirusPublic healthSouth AfricaUnemploymentBook chapter