Grosch, Reiner2025-11-212025-11-212024https://hdl.handle.net/10566/21457Entrepreneurs operating in rural and emerging economy contexts often encounter acute structural and contextual constraints that limit their ability to build sustainable ventures. Early-stage businesses, in particular, struggle with resource scarcity, limited managerial capacity, and weak integration into broader market and institutional ecosystems. This study investigates how business models function as either enablers or constraints to entrepreneurial development in such settings, focusing on early-stage ventures within the West Coast District Municipality of the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Employing an exploratory qualitative design, the research draws on data from in-depth interviews with sixteen purposefully selected entrepreneurs, supplemented by company documents. Thematic and cross-case analysis, conducted with ATLAS.ti 24, reveals that gaps in skills, particularly in planning strategies, financial management, and network building, hinder the growth and utilisation of business models. Furthermore, deficiencies in scanning and interpreting external environmental factors, including competitive dynamics, market opportunities, and regulatory frameworks, exacerbate these challenges. Despite these barriers, the findings highlight the role of dynamic capabilities. Adaptability, a learning orientation, and resilient entrepreneurial mindsets play a crucial role in facilitating the innovation of business models and their alignment with challenging circumstances. The study contributes to the literature by positioning business models not only as structural tools but also as dynamic processes contingent on both internal competencies and environmental awareness. Policy and practice implications underscore the need for programs that develop skills—such as mentoring, strategic management training, and digital skills development—to support business models in areas with limited resources for entrepreneurs.enBusiness modelsBusiness model innovationdynamic capabilitiesearly-stage entrepreneurshipemerging economiesThesis