Moosa, Najma2022-09-022022-09-022017N. Yassari et al. (eds.), Parental Care and the Best Interests of the Child in Muslim Countries, DOI 10.1007/978-94-6265-174-6_9978-94-6265-174-6DOI 10.1007/978-94-6265-174-6_9http://hdl.handle.net/10566/7798This chapter on South Africa critically analyses the evolution of the concept of the best interests of the child, and specifically how it pertains to the fields of care (custody), contact (access), guardianship and maintenance (support), which are all part of parents’ responsibilities and rights, and impact on the legal position of Muslim children. This chapter compares and contrasts Muslim Personal Law (MPL) and practices pertaining to children with those of South African law in order to ascertain whether they comply with, conflict with or compromise the ‘best interests’ concept paramount in, and permeating, South African law in general and international and regional instruments. In doing so, the chapter reviews the position of Muslim children and the milestones in child law in South Africa prior to and since democracy with a focus on three pieces of legislation since democracy: the Constitution (1996), the Children’s Act (2005) and the Muslim Marriages Bill (MMB) (2010).enParental ResponsibilitiesParental rightsParental careMuslim childrenMuslim Personal LawBook chapter