Browsing by Author "Anekwe, Ifeanyi Michael Smarte"

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    Stability, deactivation and regeneration study of a newly developed HZSM-5 and Ni-doped HZSM-5 zeolite catalysts for ethanol-to-hydrocarbon conversion
    (Elsevier B.V., 2024) Anekwe, Ifeanyi Michael Smarte; Khotseng, Lindiwe
    This work investigates the stability and regeneration of HZSM-5 and Ni/HZSM-5 catalysts in the ethanol-to-hydrocarbon conversion. The catalysts were characterised using different techniques and evaluated at 623 K and 7 h−1 for 96 h TOS with two regeneration cycles. HZSM-5 showed high stability with 100% ethanol conversion, while Ni/HZSM-5 catalysts maintained 100% stability for 48 h before dropping. Regenerated catalysts were comparable to the originals in terms of product distribution, stability, and performance. HZSM-5 preferred BTX, while Ni-doped catalysts favoured C5-C8, C9-C12, and C12+ synthesis. The regeneration process restored catalytic activity, especially for the Ni-doped catalysts, extending their life and reducing replacement costs.
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    Sustainable fuels: Lower alcohols perspective
    (Wiley, 2023) Anekwe, Ifeanyi Michael Smarte; Nyembe, Nhlanhla; Nqakala, Loyiso Clemence
    In the coming years, energy sources will play a vital role in global development. Biofuels made from sustainable sources are essential for the global economy's long-term viability and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Clean, renewable, and sustainable must be the watchwords for future energy strategy. Alcohol fuels are again becoming a popular term in the context of green fuel usage in relation to climate change mitigation and clean fuel technology. In this review, low alcohol synthesis, applications and limitations as fuel and its catalytic conversion to fuel and petrochemicals were discussed, in addition to the techno-economic evaluation, environmental implications and prospects for practical application of low alcohols as fuels and petrochemicals.